Knowledge Based AI

Contents:

• Introduction to Knowledge-Based AI
  • Conundrums in AI
  • Characteristics of AI Problems
  • Characteristics of AI Agents
  • What is Knowledge-Based AI
  • The Four Schools of AI
  • Cognitive Systems
  • Course Topics
  • The Cognitive Connection
• Course Introduction
  • Class Goals and Outcomes
  • Class Strategies
  • Computational Psychometrics
  • Raven’s Progressive Matrices
  • Principles of CS7637
  • The Cognitive Connection
  • References
• Semantic Networks
  • Knowledge Representations
  • Semantic Networks
  • Structure of Semantic Networks
  • Characteristics of Good Representations
  • Guards and Prisoners Problem
  • Represent and Reason for Analogy Problems
  • Choosing Matches by Weights
  • Connections
  • The Cognitive Connection
• Generate & Test
  • Overview
  • Applying Generate and Test
  • Smart Testers and Smart Generators
  • Generate and Test for Raven’s Problems
  • The Cognitive Connection
• Means-End Analysis
  • State Spaces
  • Means-End Analysis
  • Limitations of Means-End Analysis
  • Problem Reduction
  • Combining Methods for Raven’s Problems
  • The Cognitive Connection
• Production Systems
  • Cognitive Architectures
  • SOAR
  • Production Rules
  • Impasses and Chunking
  • Fundamentals of Learning
  • Cognitive Connection
• Frames
  • Overview
  • Frames and Common Sense Reasoning
  • Frame Structure: Slots and Fillers
  • Complex Frame Systems
  • Properties of Frames
  • Frames and Semantic Networks
  • Frames and Production Systems
  • Cognitive Connection
• Learning by Recording Cases
  • Overview
  • Nearest Neighbor Method
  • K-Nearest Neighbor in Higher Dimensions
  • Limitations
  • Cognitive Connection
  • Resources
• Case-Based Reasoning
  • Overview
  • The CBR Process
  • Case Adaptation
  • Case Evaluation
  • Case Storage
  • Advanced CBR
  • Cognitive Connection
• Incremental Concept Learning
  • Overview
  • The Learning Algorithm
  • Generalization Heuristics
  • Specialization Heuristics
  • Worked Example: Learning “Arch”
  • Contrast with Statistical ML
  • Cognitive Connection
• Classification
  • Classification Overview
  • Equivalence Classes
  • Concept Hierarchies
  • Types of Concepts
  • Bottom-Up Classification
  • Cognitive Connection
• Logic
  • Why Formal Logic
  • Predicates
  • Truth Tables and Properties
  • Rules of Inference
  • Quantifiers
  • Resolution Theorem Proving
  • Cognitive Connection
• Planning
  • Planning Overview
  • States and Goals
  • Operators
  • Linear Planning and Goal Clobbering
  • Partial-Order Planning
  • Hierarchical Task Network Planning
  • Cognitive Connection
• Understanding
  • Understanding Overview
  • Thematic Role Systems
  • Constraints from Prepositions
  • Resolving Ambiguity with Ontology
  • Resolving Ambiguity in Verbs
  • The Earthquake Sentences
  • Cognitive Connection
• Commonsense Reasoning
  • Commonsense Reasoning Overview
  • The Problem of Multiple Meanings
  • Primitive Actions
  • Thematic Roles and Primitive Actions
  • Implied Actions
  • Actions and Sub-actions
  • State Changes
  • Cognitive Connection
• Scripts
  • Scripts Overview
  • Parts of a Script
  • Form vs. Content
  • Generating Expectations
  • Tracks and Hierarchies
  • Learning and Using Scripts
  • Cognitive Connection
• Explanation-Based Learning
  • Overview
  • Concept Space and Prior Knowledge
  • Abstraction
  • Transfer and Explanation Construction
  • Everyday Improvisation
  • Cognitive Connection
• Analogical Reasoning
  • Overview
  • Similarity
  • Cross-Domain Analogy
  • Three Types of Similarity
  • Analogical Retrieval
  • Analogical Mapping
  • Analogical Transfer
  • Evaluation and Storage
  • Design by Analogy
  • Advanced Issues
  • Cognitive Connection
• Version Spaces
  • Overview
  • Comparison with Incremental Concept Learning
  • The Algorithm
  • Identification Trees
  • Cognitive Connection
• Constraint Propagation
  • Overview
  • 3D Object Recognition
  • Line Labeling
  • Natural Language Processing
  • Cognitive Connection
• Configuration
  • Design
  • Defining Configuration
  • The Configuration Process
  • Connections to Other Methods
  • Cognitive Connection
• Diagnosis
  • Overview
  • Data Space and Hypothesis Space
  • Diagnosis as Classification vs. Abduction
  • Deduction, Induction, and Abduction
  • Criteria for Choosing Hypotheses
  • Methods for Diagnosis
  • Cognitive Connection
• Learning by Correcting Mistakes
  • Introduction
  • Credit Assignment
  • False and True Suspicious Features
  • Explanation-Free Repair
  • Explanation-Based Repair
  • Connection to Incremental Concept Learning
  • Cognitive Connection
• Meta-Reasoning
  • Introduction
  • Mistakes in Knowledge, Reasoning, and Learning
  • Knowledge Gaps
  • The Blurred Line Between Cognition and Metacognition
  • Strategy Selection
  • Strategy Integration
  • Meta-Meta-Reasoning
  • Goal-Based Autonomy
  • Connections Across the Course
  • Cognitive Connection
• Advanced Topics
  • Visuospatial Reasoning
  • Systems Thinking
  • Design Thinking
  • Creativity
  • AI Ethics
• Wrap-Up
  • Cognitive Systems Architecture Revisited
  • Principle 1: Represent and Organize Knowledge
  • Principle 2: Incremental Learning
  • Principle 3: Top-Down and Bottom-Up Reasoning
  • Principle 4: Match Methods to Tasks
  • Principle 5: Heuristics and Satisficing
  • Principle 6: Exploit Recurring Patterns
  • Principle 7: Unified Reasoning, Learning, and Memory
  • Current Research